T2D: A Peer to Peer trust management system based on Disposition to Trust

International audienceWhile the trust paradigm is essential to broadly extend the communication between the environment's actors, the evaluation of trust becomes a challenge when confronted with initializing the trust relationship and validating the transi- tive propriety of trust. Whether between users or between organizations, existing solutions work to create for peer to peer networks, flexible and decentralized security mecha- nisms with trust approach. However, we have noticed that the trust management systems do not make the most of the subjectivity, more specifically, the notion of Disposition to Trust although this aspect of subjectivity has a strong influence on how to assess direct and a transitive trust. For this reason in our study, we tackle this problem by introducing a new distributed trust model called T2D (Trust to Distrust) which is designed to incorporate the follow- ing contributions : (i) A behavior model which represents the Disposition to Trust ; (ii) Initialization of trust relation- ship (direct and transitive) according to the defined behavior model

Le New Public Management : Emergence et portée

This article sets out, in broad outline, the notion of New Public Management (NPM). While it is broadly defined as the transposition of management techniques specific to the private sector to public sector organizations, it would seem that this concept is much deeper and more fleshed out theoretically. We think that it is legitimate to question this concept in a theoretical framework in order to find its foundations and identify its emergence context. Once this context identified, it is necessary to encircle the outlines of NPM so we can assimilate its content. Our work permitted to output three principal findings: Firstly, we can fairly identify its mergence in the process of reflection on public management. Secondly, NPM has solid conceptual foundations. Thirdly, it has principles and values ​​that differentiate it from other currents of public managerial thought. Taken together, we can say that this is a concept with a substantial body of theory that requires study. Of course, a second research work would aim to analyze empirically the NPM concept and its configuration in the Moroccan public administration.   JEL Classification: H11 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchLe présent article expose, dans les grands traits, la notion de New Public Management (NPM), communément traduite par Nouvelle Gestion Publique (NGP). Alors qu’il est défini sommairement comme étant la transposition des techniques de gestion propres au secteur privé vers les organisations du secteur public, il semblerait que ce concept soit beaucoup plus profond. Il est donc tout à fait légitime de questionner le concept dans une optique purement théorique afin d’entrevoir ses fondations et, de ce fait, identifier le contexte de son émergence. Aussi, une fois ladite émergence identifiée, il est nécessaire de cerner les contours du NPM afin d’en préciser la portée. De notre travail de recherche, il en ressort trois constats importants : Primo, son émergence est assez bien identifiée dans le processus de la réflexion relative au management public. Deuzio, il possède de solides fondements conceptuels. Tercio, il dispose de principes et de valeurs qui le différencient des autres courants de la pensée managériale publique. L’ensemble de ces éléments permettent de dire qu’il s’agisse d’un concept doté d’un corpus théorique conséquent qui nécessite l’étude et qui, dans une recherche prochaine, nécessiterait l’analyse dans une acception purement pratique, en l’occurrence l’étude de sa configuration dans le contexte particulier de l’administration publique marocaine. Classification JEL : H11 Type de l’article : Article théoriqu

DIVERSITÉ FLORISTIQUE DU MASSIF DU NADOR EN ZONE STEPPIQUE (TIARET, ALGÉRIE)

This study is devoted to Nador massif located in the steppe environment of Tiaret region in the west of Algeria. This massif is characterized by a diversity of flora composed of 121 taxa belonging to 38 families and 98 genera. Biological spectrum indicates a predominance of therophytes (38%) and chamaephytes (19%), geophytes (14%). The most important families are Poaceae and Asteraceae. Mediterranean element is relatively dominant (55%) according to chorologic plane. Shannon-Weaver e diversity index is relatively high (4.55) indicating a richly diverse site. Disturbance index (63.6%) reflects highly significant degree of massif vegetation disturbance, which also reflects a more open environment. To better understand the structure of vegetation using the classification is imperativ

Inferring affordances using learning techniques

Interoperability among heterogeneous systems is a key challenge in today’s networked environment, which is characterised by continual change in aspects such as mobility and availability. Automated solutions appear then to be the only way to achieve interoperability with the needed level of flexibility and scalability. While necessary, the techniques used to achieve interaction, working from the highest application level to the lowest protocol level, come at a substantial computational cost, especially when checks are performed indiscriminately between systems in unrelated domains. To overcome this, we propose to use machine learning to extract the high-level functionality of a system and thus restrict the scope of detailed analysis to systems likely to be able to interoperate

DIVERSITÉ FLORISTIQUE DU MASSIF DU NADOR EN ZONE STEPPIQUE (TIARET, ALGÉRIE)

This study is devoted to Nador massif located in the steppe environment of Tiaret region in the west of Algeria. This massif is characterized by a diversity of flora composed of 121 taxa belonging to 38 families and 98 genera. Biological spectrum indicates a predominance of therophytes (38%) and chamaephytes (19%), geophytes (14%). The most important families are Poaceae and Asteraceae. Mediterranean element is relatively dominant (55%) according to chorologic plane. Shannon-Weaver e diversity index is relatively high (4.55) indicating a richly diverse site. Disturbance index (63.6%) reflects highly significant degree of massif vegetation disturbance, which also reflects a more open environment. To better understand the structure of vegetation using the classification is imperativ

Experiment scenarios, prototypes and report - Iteration 1

The task of WP6 is to evaluate the CONNECT technologies under realistic situations. To achieve this goal, WP6 concentrated its effort in the development of a main scenario in the context of the GMES, which required the connection of two very different and independently build systems provided by the industry partners. The first one is a video-surveillance system provided by Thales; the second one, is an implementation of the GSMA Rich Communication Suite provided by DOCOMO. The resulting scenario allows to verify the validity of some of the CONNECT claims and to investigate with the introduction of some of the CONNECT technologies in the context of the integration of real systems. In addition, WP6 started the work of evaluating how the overall CONNECT work cycle can be introduced in the context of industrial prototype development

Dependability in dynamic, evolving and heterogeneous systems: the CONNECT approach

International audienceThe EU Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) Project Connect aims at dropping the heterogeneity barriers that prevent the eternality of networking systems through a revolutionary approach: to synthesise on-the-y the Connectors via which networked systems communicate. The Connect approach, however, comes at risk from the standpoint of dependability, stressing the need for methods and tools that ensure resilience to faults, errors and malicious attacks of the dynamically Connected system. We are investigating a comprehensive approach, which combines dependability analysis, security enforcement and trust assessment, and is centred around a lightweight adaptive monitoring framework. In this project paper, we overview the research that we are undertaking towards this objective and propose a unifying workflow process that encompasses all the Connect dependability/security/trust concepts and models

Intermediate CONNECT Architecture

Interoperability remains a fundamental challenge when connecting heterogeneous systems which encounter and spontaneously communicate with one another in pervasive computing environments. This challenge is exasperated by the highly heterogeneous technologies employed by each of the interacting parties, i.e., in terms of hardware, operating system, middleware protocols, and application protocols. The key aim of the CONNECT project is to drop this heterogeneity barrier and achieve universal interoperability. Here we report on the activities of WP1 into developing the CONNECT architecture that will underpin this solution. In this respect, we present the following key contributions from the second year. Firstly, the intermediary CONNECT architecture that presents a more concrete view of the technologies and principles employed to enable interoperability between heterogeneous networked systems. Secondly, the design and implementation of the discovery enabler with emphasis on the approaches taken to match compatible networked systems. Thirdly, the realisation of CONNECTors that can be deployed in the environment; we provide domain specific language solutions to generate and translate between middleware protocols. Fourthly, we highlight the role of ontologies within CONNECT and demonstrate how ontologies crosscut all functionality within the CONNECT architecture

Experiment scenarios, prototypes and report - Iteration 2

The task of WP6 is to evaluate the CONNECT technologies under realistic situations. To achieve this goal, WP6 concentrated its 3rd year effort on the development of a main scenario in the context of GMES, which requires the connection of highly heterogeneous and independently built systems provided by the industry partners. The resulting scenario allows the consortium to assess the validity of CONNECT claims and to investigate the exploitation of CONNECT technologies in the context of the integration of real systems. Another objective of this report is to provide a first assessment of CONNECT solutions against the project's objectives stated in the DoW. The proposed assessment spans: (i) the project's overall objective of enabling on-the-fly interoperability among heterogeneous networked systems as well as (ii) the project's specific objectives related to the foundations and associated enablers to be elaborated for learning and reasoning about the interaction behaviours of networked systems and for synthesizing mediators so as to make systems interoperate

Experiment Scenarios

The scenarios proposed in this deliverable are intended to identify the multiple dimensions of interoperability, and also foster further discussions with other work packages (WP1 to WP5). These will be refined and extended as the project progresses. The scenarios have been grouped into three computing domains: Ubiquitous computing, Daily life support and Telco Web 2.0 & Cloud Computing. Although the scenarios are partitioned into domains, they all have common properties such as the presence of disparate devices, a large proportion of peer-to-peer traffic and disparate interaction patterns